// The classic N+1 trap
$posts = Post::all();

foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo $post->author->name; // New query for each post!
}

// Laravel 12 - Same code, smart behavior
$posts = Post::all();

foreach ($posts as $post) {
    echo $post->author->name;
}

SELECT * FROM posts;
SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN (1, 2, 3, 4, ...); -- Automatic!

// config/database.php
'eloquent' => [
    'automatic_eager_loading' => true, // Default in Laravel 12
],

class Post extends Model
{
    // Disable for this model
    protected static bool $automaticEagerLoading = false;

    // Or specify relationships to exclude
    protected array $excludeFromAutomaticEagerLoading = [
        'comments', // Too expensive, keep lazy
        'analytics',
    ];
}

// Disable for a specific query
Post::withoutAutomaticEagerLoading()->get();

// Force manual eager loading preference
Post::with('author')->withoutAutomaticEagerLoading()->get();

$posts = Post::all();

foreach ($posts as $post) {
    foreach ($post->comments as $comment) {
        echo $comment->author->name; // Auto-eager loads comments AND their authors
    }
}

SELECT * FROM posts;
SELECT * FROM comments WHERE post_id IN (1, 2, 3, ...);
SELECT * FROM users WHERE id IN (5, 6, 7, ...);

// Manual is more explicit and predictable
public function index()
{
    return Post::with(['author', 'tags', 'category'])
        ->paginate(20);
}

// Automatic can't predict constraint needs
$posts = Post::with(['comments' => function ($query) {
    $query->where('approved', true)
          ->latest()
          ->limit(5);
}])->get();

// Be explicit when every millisecond counts
$posts = Post::withoutAutomaticEagerLoading()
    ->with(['author:id,name', 'category:id,name'])
    ->select(['id', 'title', 'author_id', 'category_id'])
    ->get();

DB::enableQueryLog();

$posts = Post::all();
foreach ($posts as $post) {
    $post->author;
}

// See what was auto-eager loaded
collect(DB::getQueryLog())->each(fn($q) => dump($q['query']));

// In development, enable strict mode to see what's being auto-loaded
if (app()->isLocal()) {
    Model::preventLazyLoading(false); // Allow but log
    Model::handleLazyLoadingViolationUsing(function ($model, $relation) {
        logger()->info("Auto eager loading: {$model}::{$relation}");
    });
}

class Post extends Model
{
    protected array $excludeFromAutomaticEagerLoading = [
        'allComments',    // Could be thousands
        'fullContent',    // Large text blob
        'mediaFiles',     // Binary data
    ];
}

$posts = Post::select(['id', 'title', 'author_id'])->get();

foreach ($posts as $post) {
    // Author auto-eager loaded with all columns
    // Consider if you need all author data
    echo $post->author->name;
}

foreach ($posts as $post) {
    if ($post->type === 'featured') {
        echo $post->author->name; // Only accesses author sometimes
    }
}

// Be explicit when access is conditional
$posts = Post::with('author')->get();

// Automatic works but may load multiple tables
foreach ($comments as $comment) {
    echo $comment->commentable->title; // Could be Post, Video, etc.
}

// Each page triggers its own auto-eager loading
Post::paginate(20)->through(function ($post) {
    return $post->author->name;
});